The Beginning Of The Great Firewall - 1733 Words

The Beginning of The Great Firewall Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese communist party leader, in 1978, had a famous saying, â€Å"if you open the window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies to blow in.† (Minzner). This saying has affected the way China contact with the world and trading business. When the Internet officially became available to China in 1994, and because it got popular fast reaching to twenty eight percent of the Chinese citizen in 2009. The Chinese government realized that the Internet has some information that they want to keep it away from their citizens as it is consider as either violation or forbidden information with the Chinese morals and traditions. The Ministry of Public Security by the government in China begun to construct the Great Firewall (Pingp). The Great Firewall is a digital system to control and sense the Internet in China that officially went public in 2000 (Pingp). The main reasons for creating it were to impose Internet security, and censorship to the Chinese citizens. Th e Great Firewall uses techniques like: â€Å"Domain Name System (DNS) pollution and injection, Internet Protocol (IP) and port blocking, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) reset, interfere secure connection, proxy blocking, IPv6 censorship and email blocking.† (Bu 1). The Chinese government wants to keep its economy growing and while the Internet permits that, it has other content that the government wants to keep hidden from its citizens. The Great Firewall of China is aShow MoreRelated Internet Security Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pageson your computer, your name, address, postal code and even your phone number.It may also contain credit card numbers, expiration dates, passwords, your e-mail address and any other specific information that you allow it to have. Firewalls: a program that limits or denies the exchange of information to or from your computer.Parameters are set by the user which control the amount of access that is allowed to you computer as well as the type and amount of information that is allowedRead MoreSnhu It-200 Milestone 21216 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant in the computer room. This is where most of the company’s connection begins. The internet, which is the WAN (Wide Area Network) is the beginning to the LAN (Local Area Network). This starts with the WAN coming into the computer room’s T1 Demarcation Router. The T1 Demarcation Router is then connected to the Main Router which has a connection to the Firewall as well as the Ethernet Switch. The Ethernet Switch then has a Fiber Optic cable connecting to the warehouse Remote Ethernet Switch. ThisRead MoreBusiness Plan Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagesthat financial, or personal life is in great hands. With having a company that will protect hundr eds of thousands maybe even millions the cost of affording my protection plans will be gear toward affordability than profit that I could potentially make. My company plans will come in three major packages, and each package will come with spam protection, daily viral scanning for illegal transactions or activities. Also, I will have in place the most detailed firewall protocol that will be built to not onlyRead MoreChallenges Faced By Large And Small Enterprises1372 Words   |  6 Pagesas well as medium sized organizations have lot of money due to repeated fraudulent transactions. These are mainly due to the fraudulent electronic financial transactions. Individuals are really the weakest connection in any security composition. A great many people are not cautious about keeping secrets, for example, passwords, and access codes that frame the premise for most secure frameworks. All security frameworks depend on an arrangement of measures utilized to control access, confirm personalityRead MoreEvaluating The Objectives Of An E Commerce Security Program1712 Words   |  7 Pagesmonitoring techniques in areas such as intrusion detection or verification. Beginning with a secure Web server configuration is critical. It involves strengthening the Web server for its function on the Internet. Next, validate that the Web server is secure at least through a firewall. The best way to pick a firewall is to design or revise the present security policy, so it is easy to pinpoint and assess which firewalls have the functionality to enact policy s rules. Once the Web server is protectedRead MoreWorld Wide Web Connection for Banks657 Words   |  3 Pages Since the beginning of the great age of internet, banks have been increasingly connected through the complex internet web. This has made banks become more reliable, efficient, and more profitable with increased user base. However, it has come with a great price due to unscrupulous people who want to scheme money from the banks. The websites of big banks such as Bank of America, JP Morgan, Wells Fargo, US Bank, PNC, and Citigroup have significantly underwent through slowdowns thatRead MoreF5 Networks, Inc (Nasdaq: Ffiv) Is A Company Located In1495 Words   |  6 Pageswith products and services that secure their Internet Protocol traffic and infrastructure storage (Forbes, 1). Some of F5’s most popular products include the Local Traffic Manager (LTM), Application Security Manager, Access Policy Manager, Advanced Firewall Manager, Application Acceleration Manager, IP Intelligence (IPI), WebSafe and BIG-IP DNS. F5 sells primarily through distributors, systems integrators and resellers. Their clients include businesses, consumer brands and government entities. Its primaryRead MoreComputer System, Excel, And Myob1597 Words   |  7 Pagesreconciliation. Moreover, MYOB is a more complex accounting computer system compare to Excel, since it provides different functions that help the owner to ma nage their business; such as payroll, inventory, bank, sales, purchase. Also there is a lot great feature in MYOB that allows the users to customize payments, calculation including credit terms, delivery method, pricing regards to late payment fees or any discount included, which they cannot do in Excel. _Pros and cons of MYOB compare to Excel:Read MoreCritical Success Factors : Risk Management1439 Words   |  6 Pagesproject would endanger it from the start. Some of the major issues with Flayton Electronics stem from their not being PCI compliant which is one of the first lines of defense against data theft. They were not able to catch the data leak due to their firewall being down and compromised. Transaction information was also being stored on the company’s systems which made the theft easy. And although, they were getting regular reports from the bank, it didn’t show this leak because purchases were not necessarilyRead More Internet Security Essay2396 Words   |  10 PagesAnother class of concerns relates to restricting access over the Internet. Preventing distribution of pornography and other objectionable material over the Internet has already been in the news. We can expect new social hurdles over time and hope the great benefits of the Internet will con tinue to override these hurdles through new technologies and legislations. The World Wide Web is the single largest, most ubiquitous source of information in the world, and it sprang up spontaneously. People use interactive

Power Corrupts In George Orwells Animal Farm - 804 Words

In George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm the reader is taken to Mr. Jones Manor Farm where the animals begin a rebellion. Among the rebellion two pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, declare themselves as the new leader. Over the course of the story Napoleon manipulates animals into making him the sole leader. With all the power given to only him, he begins controlling every accept of the animals lives and forces them to follow his rules. Eventually they are back where they were in the beginning with Mr. Jones cruel punishment, now coming from the pigs. Animal Farm demonstrates that power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely all through the novel by the pigs changing each of the commandments made by the animals in the begining of the†¦show more content†¦From that point on Napoleons thirst for power grows more and more. Every animal helps build the windmill besides the pigs. When a storm occurs and the windmill falls, Napoleon blames Snowball and demands animals rebu ild. While rebuilding the pigs give the animals less food and let themselves grow fatter. Napoleons evil side erupted when the farms prize horse Boxer gets hurt while building the windmill. Napoleon summons a horse slaughterer to take Boxer away. Squealer, Napoleons spokesman who twists information, tells the animals that Napoleon has brought a vetenarian to take Boxer and that he died in the hospital. Squalor even told the animals that he was with Boxer in his last moments and that he proclaimed his loyalty to his â€Å"comrade† Napoleon. Unfortunately, the animals believed the fat pig Squealer and continued working. Day by day, the pigs break commandments and then revise them to make themselves look semi innocent. The pigs begin prosecuting and then killing innocent animals in front of all the animals which breaks commandment six â€Å"No animal shale kill any other animal†. Squealer changes the commandment to â€Å"No animal shale kill any other animal withou t cause.† Eventually the pigs break all of the commandments because to them power is addictive. Nearing the end of the story Napoleon and the pigs begin to wear Mr. Jones clothes and trade with people fromShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm Literary Analysis710 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwell, a writer of many novels and other literature, one of his most known is Animal Farm.This book is where Orwell’s political style as well as other techniques he used in his writing were used most. Animal Farm is about farm animals who are being neglected by their owner, and they decides to overthrow him and take control of their farm. However, that is only the the outer layer of the story, looking under the surface, this is an allegory detailing the Russian Revolution. The author wroteRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1395 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm: The Power of Corruption In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Orwell illustrates how power corrupts absolutely and how Napoleon degrades the structure and stability of Animal Farm because of the decisions that he makes. I will also expand on the idea of how Old Major’s ideas for an organized society get completely destroyed by Napoleon’s revolutionary actions. It was ironic and satirical that Napoleon’s own power annihilates Animal Farm. The satire in George Orwell’s AnimalRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreThe Key Themes In Animal Farm By George Orwell952 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm, an allegorical novel by George Orwell, depicts a very clear picture of the events leading up to the 1917 Russian Revolution and the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. The techniques Orwell has used when writing this piece allows his robust view points and prominent reoccurring themes to become clear. A couple of themes that stood out the most to me was the use of education and intelligence, as well as corruption of power and leadership to fuel oppression. Orwell uses the imagery of aRead MoreThe Power Of Power In George Orwells Animal Farm764 Words   |  4 Pages133). In George Orwells allegorical novella Animal Farm, a successful rebellion, was held against the Mr. Jones (the farm owner), as he mistreated the animals. After the expulsion of Mr. Jones, the farm lacked a figure of authority, so the pigs stepped up to that position as they were the most literate and the cleverest among the animals. Slowly it progressed to a state where the pigs had absolute power over the lives of the animals and the farm. Which led to a situation where the animals had to agreeRead MoreAnimal Farm Character Analysis713 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS† (Orwell 134). In George Orwell’s allegorical fable, Animal Farm, a group of animals lived with their master, Jones. Jones was an unfair man who didn’t care too much about the animals. One day Jones forgot to feed the animals, so they revolted. The animals wanted a perfect place without the corruption of man. The currently animal controlled land of Animal Farm, the smartest of all animals, the pigs take control. To prevent a human-likeRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm993 Words   |  4 Pages In George Orwell’s Animal Farm despite how great a government system is, it is only as good as the people who govern. Animal Farm is a story about oppressed animals overthrowing their humans and taking control over the farm. However things were fine up until the pigs started turning corrupt. The story is told through the eyes of a common animal and the events that occurred on Animal Farm. The narrator is never known but it is apparent that is it just a common animal and this gives the retellingRead MoreEssay on Failed Revolutions and Tyrants in Animal Farm649 Words   |  3 PagesFailed Revolutions and Tyrants in Animal Farm Animal Farm, by George Orwell was published in 1945, a crucial time in history because of Stalin’s takeover of the Soviet Union and his exploitation of the centralized communist government. This was in direct contradiction to the expected results of the Russian Revolution. Orwell felt that revolutions fail because the end result is a change of tyrants and not of government. Orwell exemplifies this failure through the goals of the revolution and theirRead MoreGeorge Orwells Use of Language Techniques to Represent Power in Animal Farm1408 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwells Use of Language Techniques to Represent Power in Animal Farm Power corrupts, but absolute power corrupts absolutely; and this is eloquently proved in George Orwells novel Animal Farm. In this satirical fable, Orwell uses his allegorical farm to candidly illustrate the corruptive nature of power and to symbolise the communist system in the microcosm of a farmyard barn. George Orwell was the pen name of Eric Blair, a British political novelist andRead MoreExamples Of Conflict In Animal Farm1319 Words   |  6 Pagestechniques and compelling concepts to teach individuals powerful messages about conflict. The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell allegorically refers to the conflict of the Russian Revolution and demonstrates that the desire for power corrupts the human condition, leading to the deterioration of society. It also exhibits that the abuse of language is instrumental in manipulating the ignorant to gain power. Edward Zwick’s movie Glory provides an insight into the story behind a group of persecuted African-American

Differential Cryptanalysis of Data Encryption Standard

Question: Discuss about the Differential Cryptanalysis of Data Encryption Standard. Answer: Introduction: Innumerable scholars have provided different opinions regarding the importance of email privacy especially at the workplace. An unauthorized access happens only when the email is transit. There are several more reasons of reducing email privacy. Whenever the data is stored on the email server or within a user computer, the data can be easily accessed. However, this particular study has provided an in-depth understanding on the importance of keeping privacy on email. An employee while working within the business organization should use company email so that the rate of unauthorized private email hacking can be reduced. In this particular topic, many eminent scholars have provided necessary solutions on how email, data, chats and necessary information can be protected from the hackers. As per the Australian law, the business employers have the right to spy on how the organizational employees are using email at the workplace. Employees do not have right to open their private mail sitting at the workplace. As a result, the rate of email privacy is very high. However, this particular study has provided a deep insight in how email privacy can be maintained. The several importance of email privacy has clearly been mentioned in this particular study. In addition, the value of encryption process has also been discussed in this particular context. Many eminent scholars have pointed out that encryption process is the effective way for protecting data. At the same time, it is undeniable that this particular systematic procedure demolishes the rhythmic process of business. As per the decision of European Court of human rights, it has been observed that employees can be discharged instantly if they are caught at the workplace in private chatting (newsroom.com.au 2016). After the decision of European Court of human rights, many eminent scholars have opined their strong point of views. Bellare, Keelveedhi and Ristenpart (2013) stated that the decision of ECHR was completely reasonable as private email affects the effective performance of employees. The author has opined that whenever an employee has to provide effective service process for rendering the success of organization, this individual has to provide full dedication towards the business service (Biham and Shamir 2012). Any kind of private email can become a matter of distraction for the individual. Therefore, most of the recognizable business organizations such as Woolworths, B2M Solutions, The Iconic, Rio Tinto and so many have strictly prohibited opening private email at the workplace. Based on the opinion of previous author, Brakerski and Vaikuntanathan (2014) has strongly differed in this context. As per the opinion of this particular scholar, organization should take the responsibility for maintaining employee email privacy at the workplace. Employees should never instruct not to open their private email at the workplace. The author has stated that liberty and democratic leadership culture is one of the most effective ways to get good performance from the employees. The organization should never impose the email privacy law at the workplace (Brakerski, Gentry and Vaikuntanathan 2012). Therefore, the author in this article has strictly opposed the decision of European Court of human rights. As per the opinion of this author, the success of a business organization is highly dependent on the employee performance. Employee would perform well only when the organization would like o maintain an effective employee relation at the workplace. Employers should never impose any decision on the employees. Therefore, the organizations can use encryption process in order to maintain employee email privacy rather than forcing employees not to open email at the workplace. Email privacy at a workplace in a true sense is highly important. Daemen and Rijmen (2013) commented that business organizations should maintain this process effectively in order to secure necessary data and information. Different scholars are primarily concerned on maintaining email privacy. The procedure of maintaining privacy can be different. Behind taking the decision of European Court of human rights, some of the most important reasons were there. Employee email privacy protects important data and information, be it official or personal. Official information can be protected with the process of encryption. This particular process does not allow any unauthorized user to open data and information. Therefore, organizations can use encryption while transferring their official records. On the other hand, maintaining the privacy of email has become one of the major factors for transferring official data and information in a secured process (Evans-Lacko and Knapp 2014). Most of the business organizations like to transfer their financial records through email. Therefore, the employees have to maintain privacy so that data cannot be leaked out by any chance. That is one of the most important reasons business organizations have restricted the employees from opening private emails at the workplace so that their personal data can b e secured. Garg et al. (2013) opined that employees in general like to secure financial and banking information in their private email. Therefore, if an individual intends to open personal mail id at the workplace, the relevant data and information can be hacked at any time. In order to overcome this kind of unexpected situation, the business organizations have decided to prohibit opening mail id at the workplace. The report says that one engineer had been sacked from a reputed organization of Australia due to chat with his finance head with the help of Yahoo messenger. With the help of surveillance technology, the engineer had been caught at the workplace. This particular incident had a major significance on the realm of business industry. The organizational employees felt extreme de-motivated while performing at the workplace. Gentry, Halevi and Smart (2012) opined that the employees performance was falling day by day as they failed to find any motivation within the business organization. Li et al. (2013) opined against the incident that, employers have to focus on whether the employees are meeting their daily target or not. If the employees are successful to meet daily target they should never be imposed on any additional rules and regulations. However, this particular opinion has been strongly opposed on behalf of many contemporary scholars. Nielsen and Randall (2012) commented that employees email privacy has been implemented for the sake of benefits of every individual employee. In order to protect relevant data at the workplace, the organization has prevented the rule of opening personal mail id. In many cases, it has been observed that other employees or senior executives of business organization intend to access others personal mail id and leak those data out. As a result, this particular individual has suffered immensely after exposing all the records at the workplace. In order to overcome these kinds of unexpected situation, the organization has decided to ban opening personal email at the workplace. Australian workplace lawyer, Stevenson has stated his opinion on occasion, If a private mobile phone was brought to work and the employers wi-fi system was being used there, there would be nothing on the face of it that would stop the employer from being able to surveil that mobile phone (newsroom.com.au 2016). After making this comment, the business employers of many organizations of Australia had made a firm protest. According to them employee email privacy helps to protect their important data and information from being leaked out in front of numerous persons. This particular rule should not be circulated in a negative way. Snchez Abril, Levin and Del Riego (2012) stated that the primary purpose of prohibiting private email at the workplace is not to impose unnecessary decision on the employees, but to keep them safe and secured. However, after the immense challenges and controversies happening at the workplace regarding employee email privacy, it has been observed that organizations have focused on encryption. As a result, the machine would never be able to entertain any unauthorized users for opening any data. As a result, in the absence of true user, not a single person would be able to access data and information from machine. Most of the corporate sectors, government sectors of Aust ralia have implemented encryption for using the necessary data and information safely and securely. Conclusion: The study has provided a critical analysis whether employee email privacy is important at the workplace or not. Various scholars have expressed their own opinion on different way by supporting or opposing the point of views. Based on the point of view of different scholars, it has been evaluated that maintaining employee email privacy at the workplace is highly important for securing appropriate data and information, be it professional or personal. At the same time, it is also undeniable that employers should never impose any decision on the mind of employees forcefully. Ultimately, the organizational culture and behavior is highly affected. In this kind of situation, the business employers can make an effective session with the employees for which they can make the workers understand on the reasons of disallowing private email at the workplace. Effective interaction would help the business experts to make a fruitful interaction with the employees in order to convince them about the importance of email privacy at the workplace. Reference List: Bellare, M., Keelveedhi, S. and Ristenpart, T., 2013, May. Message-locked encryption and secure deduplication. InAnnual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques(pp. 296-312). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Biham, E. and Shamir, A., 2012.Differential cryptanalysis of the data encryption standard. Springer Science Business Media. Brakerski, Z. and Vaikuntanathan, V., 2014. Efficient fully homomorphic encryption from (standard) LWE.SIAM Journal on Computing,43(2), pp.831-871. Brakerski, Z., Gentry, C. and Vaikuntanathan, V., 2012, January. (Leveled) fully homomorphic encryption without bootstrapping. InProceedings of the 3rd Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference(pp. 309-325). ACM. Daemen, J. and Rijmen, V., 2013.The design of Rijndael: AES-the advanced encryption standard. Springer Science Business Media. Evans-Lacko, S. and Knapp, M., 2014. Importance of social and cultural factors for attitudes, disclosure and time off work for depression: Findings from a seven country European study on depression in the workplace.PloS one,9(3), p.e91053. Garg, S., Gentry, C., Halevi, S., Raykova, M., Sahai, A. and Waters, B., 2013, October. Candidate indistinguishability obfuscation and functional encryption for all circuits. InFoundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2013 IEEE 54th Annual Symposium on(pp. 40-49). IEEE. Gentry, C., Halevi, S. and Smart, N.P., 2012, April. Fully homomorphic encryption with polylog overhead. InAnnual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques(pp. 465-482). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Li, M., Yu, S., Zheng, Y., Ren, K. and Lou, W., 2013. Scalable and secure sharing of personal health records in cloud computing using attribute-based encryption.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,24(1), pp.131-143. newsroom.com.au., 2016. Wieck Australasia Newsroom. (2016).Newsroom.com.au. Retrieved 18 December 2016, from https://newsroom.com.au Nielsen, K. and Randall, R., 2012. The importance of employee participation and perceptions of changes in procedures in a teamworking intervention.Work Stress,26(2), pp.91-111. Snchez Abril, P., Levin, A. and Del Riego, A., 2012. Blurred boundaries: Social media privacy and the twenty?first?century employee.American Business Law Journal,49(1), pp.63-124.

The British Aerospace Company Tornado Aircraft

Introduction The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the most important countries not only in the Middle East, but also in the globe. This is because this country is known for the quantity of oil that it produces in the world. Furthermore, this nation is recognized for two important mosques and key in the lives of the Muslims across the globe.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The British Aerospace Company: Tornado Aircraft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to this, this republic is working towards ensuring that it bears a sufficiency in all fields. Especially in this time and age, this country is working towards ensuring that the defense and security sectors are catered for. In order to achieve this, this nation has entered into agreements with the British aerospace in order to supply the kingdom with the most modern technology in the defense. During my cooperative training I had the opportunity to work with the British Aerospace. During this period I was able to get more information about the tornado Aircraft. This aircraft is the nucleus of Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF). This report consists of a summary of my experience during this training period. It provides details about the Tornado engine, its maintenance, and some of the problems that were encountered and suggestions to set them right. Organizational history The British Aerospace Company is a company which is located in Europe. It is a company which is regarded as Europe’s largest and it is the third largest aerospace company in the world. This company has a turnover of 10 million pounds and booked orders which are worth more than 11 billion pounds. The number of staff who is working in this company total to 88,300 qualified personnel. The main operations of this company dwell in the commercial and defense aircrafts. Alongside this, the company is also involved in aircraft maintenance, flight training, advanced navigation and communication systems, rockets, arms and ammunition, civil engineering, optical systems, satellites, ground defense systems, and the ship services. The company has or is divided in three divisions. These divisions are the helicopter systems, naval systems and the Al- Yamamah project. Tornado AircraftAdvertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This aircraft is a two seat supersonic combat aircraft which is capable of great flexibility of purpose and design to fulfill a wide range of operational requirements. It has variable geometry wings, multi – spool, reheated turbofan engines, giving it a speed in excess of Mach 2 at high altitude. The variable geometry wings together with high lift devices, ensures that it can land and take off at slow speeds at dispersed sites. During the time I was in this company, I realized that there are two kinds of Tornado Aircrafts. That is the Tornad o Air Defense Variant (ADV), and the Tornado Interdictor Strike (IDS). The difference that exists between these two aircrafts is that the ADV and IDS, is based in the reheat section. Furthermore, the IDS is 1.39 m longer than the ADV which is the main external difference in front fuselage section to accommodate the AL radar, Sky flash missiles, avionics and extra fuel tank. It also has wing nips which sweep at 68 degrees rather than 60 degrees as on the IDS aircraft. The Tornado is not a pure British design, but Italy and Germany also joined in designing and producing this aircraft. The Tornado weapon system represents the closet approach yet to an ideal multi –m role combat aircraft, sought by military aircraft design engineers. Its success is attributable to the skilled application of a number of high technology features incorporated into a basic airborne vehicle. The major roles of Tornado The Tornado is designed to fulfill a number of roles. These roles include close air support, interdictor strike, air strike superiority, interception, land based maritime strike and reconnaissance. Characteristics of the Tornado The Tornado has got specific characteristics which make it stand out from the other aircrafts. This is based on the fact that it is designed in order to fulfill the above stated functions. The main characteristics of this aircraft include the short takeoff or landing and the ability to accelerate rapidly to a high subsonic speed to permit operation from dispersed or damaged airfields in forward areas and immediate reaction to quickly changing battlefield conditions. High speeds at low level so that the enemy defense receives little warning during the time of attack.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The British Aerospace Company: Tornado Aircraft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The smoothness of the low gust with the wings swept at low levels ensures that the crew maint ain their fighting efficiency. High specific excess power or rate of climb and good acceleration ensure efficient interception or, in the reconnaissance role, evasion. All weather capability enables the Tornado to maintain round the clock pressure on enemy targets and to intercept enemy aircraft by day or night, or in bad weather. Good load carrying ability and flexible weapon or fuel load interchange ensures that most effective interdictor or close air supervision use over a wide range of target distance combinations. This plane has a good sustained maneuverability which ensures excellent self defense and attack capability against enemy aircraft. Lastly the multi – spool engines ensure that the aircraft has got a good specific fuel consumption which produces a long range in the strike reconnaissance roles and a prolonged loiter capability in the air superiority role. The table below gives a summary of the IDS and the ADV aircrafts in terms of their specifics. (See Table 1 an d Diagram 1) Tornado Aircraft dimensions: The aircraft construction During the study, I discovered that the aircraft has got an elaborate structure which demands the construction process to be elaborate. In essence, the aircraft structure can be divided into a number of major components. These parts include the Fuselage, wings and the tail unit. The fuselage is further divided into the front, center and rear fuselage sections. The method which is used in the construction of this aircraft known as the, â€Å"Semi – Monocoque.† This method utilizes frames, sub-frames, lonegrons, diaphragms, webs, beams and skins in the construction of the fuselage, with spars and ribs used in the construction of the wings, fin, ailerons and flaps. The frames, longerons, spars, ribs and skins are designed to withstand the bending, twisting, compression and torsion loads that an aircraft feels during flight. It is worth noting that the materials which are used in utilizing this aircraft sh ould be able to withstand the loads which the aircraft feels and at the same time be light. Front Fuselage The fuselage consists of frames, diaphragms, webs and skins, manufactured to form an assembly consisting of pressurized structure, forwards equipment compartment, the left hand gun avionics compartments, left hand gun compartment, liquid oxygen compartment, rear equipment compartment, right hand avionics compartments, right hand gun compartments, nose landing gear compartment and the spent cases compartments.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The center fuselage This extends from the forward transport joint at the frame 9 to the rear transport joint at frame 16, and it is constructed of closely spaced frames and skin assemblies. The frames vary depending on their functions. The wing box contains the wing pivot bearings which are mounted in the top structure. This wing box is usually manufactured from high strength machined titanium alloy. The internal frames are located between the forward and the rear face walls to provide additional strength to the structure. The wing slots seals exist to maintain the fuselage shape. They are also used in order to reduce drag. These pockets are closed by inflatable seals. The wing pocket has got two seals, that is, the upper and lower seals on each side of the Tornado. There are usually interconnected to allow for pressure variations due to the various altitudes which are attained during flight. The main landing gear is usually placed in two compartments. These compartments are located on the underside structure of the center fuselage. The main landing gear retracts forward and inward, the struts being rotated to allow the wheels to be housed flat within the shadow compartments. Fuel is usually stored in the fuselage which is located in the center of the tornado. There are a total of 16 fuel cells in two groups, six in the front fuel group and 10 in the rear fuel group. Rear fuselage This fuselage extends from the transport joint which is located at frame 16 and extends to the frame 19. This is done so that two engines can be mounted in the compartments which are on each side. In addition to the makeup of the engine, the rear fuselage also provides fittings for the fin, air brakes the engine doors and the arrester hook. The rear fuselage consists of frames which are divided by beams. The hydraulic system components are located in these regions. The engine bay is a part of the Tornado which is enclosed by two doors. These doors are locked in position using a mecha nism which is known as the release shoot-bolt. Air breaks are also mounted in the recesses of the fuselage. They are made up of aluminum alloy. The air breaks are located in a closed position sustained by a hydraulically operated lock units. Wings Wings are crucial components of the Tornado Aircraft. Their ability to sweep wing and rotate a pivot axis by means of an actuator is one of the aspects of this aircraft that makes it outstanding. The wings are designed in such a manner that they can carry two wing pylons for the carriage of external stores. The wings are attached to the trailing edge flaps which are installed on the lower side of the trailing edge. These flaps are equipped with carriage rib and a roller system which has two screw jacks. Damage evaluation and inspections There are two main categories of this section. These include the reference system and the inspection of damages. The reference system is a method which is used in defining surfaces, positions and contours. It is a system which operates using a basic system which is supplemented by an auxiliary system. This system is used to locate places on the plane which might be having repair issues. On the other hand the inspection of damage is an action which takes place when a person seeks to establish if there are aspects of the aircraft which are not in good working condition. There are several aspects which are taken when carrying out this inspection. These include the access for inspection. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the structural damage of the aircraft is assessed. The preliminary visual inspection is the process which involves the visual inspection of the exterior surfaces of the aircraft. Detailed visual inspection involves the deliberate process of establishing the actual problems which may be noticed on the airplane. Tornado systems The Tornado has got several systems. These systems include the fuel system, the environmental system, the electric system, and the wheel or tires system. The fuel system; the aircraft fuel load is usually located in the front fuselage, the center fuselage, the fin and in the wings. The main fuel tank is usually located in the center fuselage. The main fuselage consists of numerous fuel cells which are interconnected in a way that form two separate groups which are designated in the front fuselage. The environmental system; the main task associated with this system is to convert the liquid oxygen into a form that can enable the pilot to breathe in flight. The oxygen system is made up of two parts. These parts are the main oxygen system and the oxygen emergency system. During the emergency cases when the pilot needs to come of the plane, this system ensures that the pilots get 100% oxygen. Tornado Engine The study process made me realize that the Tornado has got a very unique engine. This engine matches the unique characteristics which are used by the engine. The Engine KB 199 was developed by Turbo Union in order to e nsure that the Multi – Role Combat Aircraft is realized. The required characteristics demanded the engine to have a bypass engine. This should have a capability of reheat for both the hot and cold gas streams. The thrust reverser is basically fitted with the intention of short landings. In addition, for the sake of maintenance, the engine is divided into several basic modules. These modules enable one to be able to note what they are working on at any given point. It is worth to mention that when removing a module, its identification plate must be kept with its own module, and when refitting a module, that plate must be refitted to the carrier. This eases the process of maintenance. See (Table 2: Table of engine modules, Diagram of the engine and the attached diagram) Types of engine modules During my experience I learnt that the Tornado has got sixteen modules. Some of these modules include the Low pressure compressor module. This is a three stage axial flow unit which compr ises two main assemblies, that is, the engine and the rotor. See (Diagram 2 Compressor module (M01). The intermediate pressure compressor module is a compressor which comprises alternative rows or rotor and stator blades. These consist of an integral disc assembly to which the blades are secured by dove tail roots and retained in the discs by the segmented plates. The high pressure compressor module consists of an outer casing and an inner casing. The outer casing is a part of the intermediate casing module. The inner casing consists of a number of rings bolted together in each pairs. See (Diagram 3 Intermediate pressure compressor module (M02)). The intermediate casing module is a module which forms the foundation unit of the engine which is known as the Master base Module. Their thrusts are attached to the outer case of the module. Engine performance parameters There are several parameters which are used in establishing the functionality of an engine. In this case the parameters i nclude the engine thrust and the specific fuel consumption. The thrust is a gas jet exhausting at a high velocity from a nozzle in the opposite direction of the jet. I later realized that the aim of the designers of these natures of engines is to aim at having engines which have higher thrusts. The specific fuel consumption may be considered to be what is next to thrust. This is because it is one of the most important aspects regarding the performance of the engine. This aspect is used to determine the amount of fuel which is used to achieve pone unit of thrust over a finite period of time. Engine maintenance procedure The maintenance of the Tornado engine is carried out at the engine shop. When the engine arrives at the engine shop it is subjected to various diagnostic tests to check on its functionality. In this case they include the baroscopic, hardness test and the MCD check. Conclusion Just like any other machine or aircraft, the Tornado engine has got its share of the problems which have solutions. When I was under training in this company I realized that some of the problems which are associated with this engine include the interference with the foreign objects which damage the engine (FOD). The high hours can also lead to bearing debris circulating in the engine oil system. This leads to massive wear and tear of the engine. Other problems are associated with thermal fatigue and operating in an environmentally hostile environment. Despite the challenges and problems, one of the sure ways of maintenance of these engines is through subjecting them to thorough inspection and system evaluation. Consistent servicing of these aircraft reduces the risk of the problems which are associated with them thus they are able to function properly for a much longer period of time. Works Cited Rouhollah, K. Ramazani and Joseph A. Kechichian. The Gulf Cooperation Council: Record and Analysis, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 1988. Print. 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